The heart's assent is fundamental to faith, whereas earthly dealings are governed by outward evidence. One person's inward state is not directly observable by others.
A person able to speak ordinarily professes faith verbally. A person unable to speak is not treated as faithless merely because verbal expression is impossible.
This distinction preserves both the centrality of conviction and the need for outward criteria in communal life.
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Ahl al-Qibla, Sin and Faith, the Essence of Faith and Degrees of Believers
The heart's assent is fundamental to faith, whereas earthly dealings are governed by outward evidence. One person's inward state is not directly observable by others.
A person able to speak ordinarily professes faith verbally. A person unable to speak is not treated as faithless merely because verbal expression is impossible.
This distinction preserves both the centrality of conviction and the need for outward criteria in communal life.