والعلم المتعلق بالأولى يسمى علم الشرائع والأحكام
The knowledge concerning the first class is called the science of religious laws and rulings.
It studies the status of worship, transactions and other conduct. In the traditional curriculum, fiqh is a central discipline for organizing and understanding these rulings. It is not merely a list of acts: it considers rulings, conditions, impediments and evidence.
To determine whether a sale is valid, for instance, we cannot stop at noticing the existence of a buyer and seller. We must examine the legally relevant conditions of the transaction.