يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَعْصِمُ وَيُعَافِي فَضْلًا
Allah guides, protects, and grants well-being to whom He wills, out of His favor.
وَيُضِلُّ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَخْذُلُ وَيَبْتَلِي عَدْلًا
Allah allows whom He wills to go astray, withholds support, and tests, in justice.
How the passages fit: Guidance, protection and well-being are described as divine favor; withholding aid and testing are related to divine justice. Both affirm the wisdom and justice of the Creator.
Application: Favor calls for gratitude; trial calls for patience, self-correction and turning to Allah. A person should not make unsupported certain claims about their own final outcome.
Limit of inference: The distinction does not authorize people to pronounce unsupported final judgments upon others.