LessonsDivine Decree and Destiny: Will, Approval and ChoiceQuiz

كما أنه علم منهما الكفر والفسق بالاختيار، ولم يلزم تكليف المحال
God knew these acts as voluntarily chosen, without making the obligation impossible.

Knowledge is a relation to what is known, whereas choice describes how an agent performs an act. Being known does not, by that fact alone, mean being compelled. Divine foreknowledge of a future choice is therefore not sufficient to establish that the choice is involuntary.

The philosophical relation between eternal knowledge and free action admits further analysis. The immediate reply is that God's knowledge includes the act as it actually occurs, including the fact that it is undertaken voluntarily.

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Foreknowledge does not itself force an action

Divine Decree and Destiny: Will, Approval and Choice

كما أنه علم منهما الكفر والفسق بالاختيار، ولم يلزم تكليف المحال
God knew these acts as voluntarily chosen, without making the obligation impossible.

Knowledge is a relation to what is known, whereas choice describes how an agent performs an act. Being known does not, by that fact alone, mean being compelled. Divine foreknowledge of a future choice is therefore not sufficient to establish that the choice is involuntary.

The philosophical relation between eternal knowledge and free action admits further analysis. The immediate reply is that God's knowledge includes the act as it actually occurs, including the fact that it is undertaken voluntarily.