1. The question of informativeness: “realities are established” appeared repetitive. The answer distinguished the objective state of affairs, belief, and different respects of predication.
2. The question of knowledge: “Does anyone know every reality?” The answer affirmed knowledge as a kind, without claiming total knowledge of every object or every possible judgment.
3. The question of denial: the ʿInādiyyah, ʿIndiyyah and Lā Adriyyah express different forms of rejection or radical doubt.
The result is a coherent foundation: some realities are established, and some may be known through observation or reasoned evidence. The next unit can examine the objections to this foundation in detail.