LessonsEternal Divine Attributes: Knowledge, Power, Life and SpeechQuiz

Sunni affirmation: Knowledge, power, life, and other attributes are real and eternal, subsisting in God, neither created accidents nor separate gods.

Reported Muʿtazilī and philosophical objection: Real distinct eternal attributes seem to imply a plurality of eternal beings, prompting explanations in terms of identity with the essence or conceptual relations.

Reported Karrāmī view: Attributes are affirmed but some are held to originate; the answer distinguishes new objects of relation from new intrinsic states in God.

Speech: An objection arises when the predicate 'speaking' is explained solely by speech located in another subject. These disputes concern different propositions despite sharing the subject of divine attributes.

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A comparison of the theological distinctions

Eternal Divine Attributes: Knowledge, Power, Life and Speech

Sunni affirmation: Knowledge, power, life, and other attributes are real and eternal, subsisting in God, neither created accidents nor separate gods.

Reported Muʿtazilī and philosophical objection: Real distinct eternal attributes seem to imply a plurality of eternal beings, prompting explanations in terms of identity with the essence or conceptual relations.

Reported Karrāmī view: Attributes are affirmed but some are held to originate; the answer distinguishes new objects of relation from new intrinsic states in God.

Speech: An objection arises when the predicate 'speaking' is explained solely by speech located in another subject. These disputes concern different propositions despite sharing the subject of divine attributes.