LessonsGenerated Effects, Appointed Lifespan, and ProvisionQuiz

A direct act (fiʿl mubāshir) is performed immediately through the agent’s chosen bodily activity. A generated effect (fiʿl mutawallid) follows that act and appears in another object or person.

1. Moving a hand — direct act.
2. Glass breaking after it is struck — subsequent effect.
3. Throwing a stone — direct act; a crack appearing in what it hits — further effect.

Attribution of an action to a person does not automatically establish the same mode of attribution for every consequence. An action being attributed to a servant and the servant being its creator are different claims.

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Direct acts and generated effects

Generated Effects, Appointed Lifespan, and Provision

A direct act (fiʿl mubāshir) is performed immediately through the agent’s chosen bodily activity. A generated effect (fiʿl mutawallid) follows that act and appears in another object or person.

1. Moving a hand — direct act.
2. Glass breaking after it is struck — subsequent effect.
3. Throwing a stone — direct act; a crack appearing in what it hits — further effect.

Attribution of an action to a person does not automatically establish the same mode of attribution for every consequence. An action being attributed to a servant and the servant being its creator are different claims.