أدرجوا فيه معظم الطبيعيات والإلهيات، وخاضوا في الرياضيات
They included much natural philosophy and metaphysics within kalām and also engaged mathematics.
Later kalām expanded to include discussions associated with multiple philosophical disciplines alongside its core doctrinal concerns. This happened partly because arguments about belief were being formulated through questions of nature, existence, possibility, causation, and mathematical illustrations.
The distinction between the objective and an auxiliary discussion is crucial. A logical or physical premise introduced to defend a creed is a means of inquiry; it does not automatically become an article of faith.
Example: “What is a body?” can be a question of natural philosophy. “Can bodiliness be attributed to God?” concerns theological transcendence and divine attributes. The same word must be handled differently at these two levels.