الْعِلْمِ بِالْكُلِّيَّاتِ، وَالْمَعْرِفَةِ بِالْجُزْئِيَّاتِ
Restricting ʿilm to universals and maʿrifah to particulars.
Under another convention, a universal is a concept applicable to many individuals, such as “human,” whereas a particular refers to a determinate individual, such as Zayd. Cognition of a universal is then called ʿilm, and recognition of a particular is called maʿrifah.
The distinction concerns what is known, not how knowledge is obtained. One can perceive an individual through the senses and apprehend a general judgment through reason. Renaming the two cognitive objects does not supply an additional fourth source of knowledge.