Example 1 — perception: Seeing a tree in adequate light is sensory cognition. If misperception is possible, additional observation may correct it.
Example 2 — report: Independent channels reporting the same event may, under the right conditions, yield certainty; a single trustworthy narrator can instead give a high degree of probability.
Example 3 — inference: A valid inference from true premises can convey knowledge, whereas a false premise undermines the conclusion even if its form is tidy.
Example 4 — inspiration: A correct idea may arise suddenly within the heart. The private event alone does not establish its truth for others.
Across the four examples, what matters is the distinction between the occurrence of a belief and the kind of warrant available for it.