LessonsProphetic Report, Miracles and Inferential KnowledgeQuiz

Classical discussions distinguish muʿjizah from karāmah (a saintly grace), istidrāj, ihānah, and sorcery. The differences concern not only apparent strangeness but also the claimant, circumstances and evidential purpose.

A saintly grace is not a proof that its recipient is a new prophet. Other categories consider misleading appearances, humiliation or deceptive means. Their theological meanings cannot be inferred solely from how surprising an occurrence seems.

Consequently, labeling every striking event a miracle, or treating it as evidence of prophetic office, overlooks essential distinctions.

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Miracle, Saintly Grace and Other Extraordinary Claims

Prophetic Report, Miracles and Inferential Knowledge

Classical discussions distinguish muʿjizah from karāmah (a saintly grace), istidrāj, ihānah, and sorcery. The differences concern not only apparent strangeness but also the claimant, circumstances and evidential purpose.

A saintly grace is not a proof that its recipient is a new prophet. Other categories consider misleading appearances, humiliation or deceptive means. Their theological meanings cannot be inferred solely from how surprising an occurrence seems.

Consequently, labeling every striking event a miracle, or treating it as evidence of prophetic office, overlooks essential distinctions.