Isrāʾ — the journey from the Sacred Mosque to al-Aqṣā, decisively established by the Qur’an.
Miʿrāj — ascent to heaven while awake with body and soul, argued from widespread transmission.
Further destinations — particular stations such as Paradise or the Throne must be evaluated according to the specific reports.
Rational objection — departure from ordinary experience is not a logical impossibility; some older theories of celestial spheres are themselves disputed.
Divine vision — vision with the heart and vision with the eyes form a distinct debate, with one preferred account affirming the former.
These distinctions separate the creedal affirmation, transmission criticism, and rational analysis without collapsing them into one claim.