An internal conflict cannot be resolved merely by identifying which party has power; its underlying causes require attention. Settlement efforts at Ṣiffīn indicate attempts to resolve the confrontation despite the fighting.
Calling a judgment an error of ijtihād does not trivialize the loss of life. It identifies the kind of disagreement and calls for care before making sweeping doctrinal or moral accusations.
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The Companions’ Disputes, Ijtihād, and the Rightly Guided Caliphate
An internal conflict cannot be resolved merely by identifying which party has power; its underlying causes require attention. Settlement efforts at Ṣiffīn indicate attempts to resolve the confrontation despite the fighting.
Calling a judgment an error of ijtihād does not trivialize the loss of life. It identifies the kind of disagreement and calls for care before making sweeping doctrinal or moral accusations.