Analysis of disputed actions should proceed through the established event, its political setting, the relevant party’s judgment, and then an assessment of its correctness. An outward result by itself cannot establish a person’s inner intention.
Quoting what a faction said is different from confirming every claim as an established fact. Attribution, transmission, and evaluation are distinct stages of historical reasoning.
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The Companions’ Disputes, Ijtihād, and the Rightly Guided Caliphate
Analysis of disputed actions should proceed through the established event, its political setting, the relevant party’s judgment, and then an assessment of its correctness. An outward result by itself cannot establish a person’s inner intention.
Quoting what a faction said is different from confirming every claim as an established fact. Attribution, transmission, and evaluation are distinct stages of historical reasoning.