LessonsTruthful Report: Tawatur and Necessary KnowledgeQuiz

الضَّرُورِيَّاتُ لَا يَقَعُ فِيهَا التَّفَاوُتُ وَالِاخْتِلَافُ
The objection: necessary judgments should not admit differences of strength or disagreement.

بِوَاسِطَةِ التَّفَاوُتِ فِي الْأُلْفِ وَالْعَادَةِ وَالْمُمَارَسَةِ
Because familiarity, habit, and practice differ.

Primary rational judgments, immediate perception, and widely established reports are not identical forms of cognition. A resident may recognize a familiar street immediately, while a visitor has to work harder. Differences in immediacy and familiarity do not show that all necessary knowledge is impossible.

Nevertheless, familiarity must not be confused with warrant. Repeating a false claim many times cannot substitute for properly independent testimony or turn rumor into tawātur.

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Differences in Necessary Knowledge: Familiarity and Practice

Truthful Report: Tawatur and Necessary Knowledge

الضَّرُورِيَّاتُ لَا يَقَعُ فِيهَا التَّفَاوُتُ وَالِاخْتِلَافُ
The objection: necessary judgments should not admit differences of strength or disagreement.

بِوَاسِطَةِ التَّفَاوُتِ فِي الْأُلْفِ وَالْعَادَةِ وَالْمُمَارَسَةِ
Because familiarity, habit, and practice differ.

Primary rational judgments, immediate perception, and widely established reports are not identical forms of cognition. A resident may recognize a familiar street immediately, while a visitor has to work harder. Differences in immediacy and familiarity do not show that all necessary knowledge is impossible.

Nevertheless, familiarity must not be confused with warrant. Repeating a false claim many times cannot substitute for properly independent testimony or turn rumor into tawātur.