Terms such as salab, qawad, ḥilf, kufalāʾ and mahāriq belong to an earlier social and military setting. Their contextual senses must be established before importing contemporary legal or political meanings.
Ḥujr ibn Umm Qaṭām and ʿAmr ibn Umm Unās are named persons, while Dhū al-Majāz is the named location of the covenant. The poem’s advocacy is not identical to later legal doctrine; no unmentioned rulings need to be inserted.
The poet’s argument is that claims of strength and kinship should be matched by recognition of solemn pledges.