Ādhanatnā is a past-tense verb with a feminine marker and nā as its object; Asmāʾu is the subject. The prepositional phrase bi-baynihā relates to the announcement, and its pronoun refers to Asmāʾ.
Rubba thāwin uses rubba, a particle governing the genitive; thāwin is its noun. Yumallu is passive, and al-thawāʾu its nominative passive subject: “the staying is found wearisome.” The passive reinforces the general observation.