FormFunctionAzmaʿtiYou decided firmly; active pastZummatWere made ready; passive pastRikābukumGrammatical subject of the passive verbBi-laylin muẓlimTime-setting: in a dark night
A private decision is followed by visible action. The shift from active to passive focuses attention not on the preparer but on the finality of departure.
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ʿAntarah ibn Shaddād: Ruins, Love for ʿAblah and Tribal Conflict (verses 1–11)
FormFunctionAzmaʿtiYou decided firmly; active pastZummatWere made ready; passive pastRikābukumGrammatical subject of the passive verbBi-laylin muẓlimTime-setting: in a dark night
A private decision is followed by visible action. The shift from active to passive focuses attention not on the preparer but on the finality of departure.