LessonsImruʾ al-Qays: A Guarded Tent, the Pleiades, Objection, and Dunes (Verses 23–29)Quiz

Fa-lammā combines a narrative connective fa- with temporal lammā, “when ... then.” Ajaznā is a first-person plural perfect: “we crossed” or “passed beyond.”

Sāḥata al-ḥayy marks what they passed. Wa-ntaḥā and binā baṭnu khabt evoke a turning or moving toward a new place. Together the clauses supply a temporal and spatial setup for the action that follows.

Translation alone does not capture the full value of lammā. Its narrative-syntactic function builds anticipation: once the pair leave the settlement, the next event will occur in the newly described setting.

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Fa-lammā ajaznā: a temporal frame

Imruʾ al-Qays: A Guarded Tent, the Pleiades, Objection, and Dunes (Verses 23–29)

Fa-lammā combines a narrative connective fa- with temporal lammā, “when ... then.” Ajaznā is a first-person plural perfect: “we crossed” or “passed beyond.”

Sāḥata al-ḥayy marks what they passed. Wa-ntaḥā and binā baṭnu khabt evoke a turning or moving toward a new place. Together the clauses supply a temporal and spatial setup for the action that follows.

Translation alone does not capture the full value of lammā. Its narrative-syntactic function builds anticipation: once the pair leave the settlement, the next event will occur in the newly described setting.