Qāʾiman is an active participle in the accusative and, with bāta used as a deficient verb, serves as its predicate (khabar): the horse remained standing through the night. Ghayra mursal further qualifies that condition: not let go. Mursal is a passive participle of Form IV *arsala*, “to send or release.”
The contrast matters: qāʾim describes what the horse is doing; mursal concerns how it is treated. One expresses standing, the other release or non-release.
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Imruʾ al-Qays: The Hunt’s Outcome, Preparing Meat, and the Return (Verses 65–69)
Qāʾiman is an active participle in the accusative and, with bāta used as a deficient verb, serves as its predicate (khabar): the horse remained standing through the night. Ghayra mursal further qualifies that condition: not let go. Mursal is a passive participle of Form IV *arsala*, “to send or release.”
The contrast matters: qāʾim describes what the horse is doing; mursal concerns how it is treated. One expresses standing, the other release or non-release.