Alā ayyuhādhā al-lāʾimī combines attention-getting address with a direct vocative challenge. Hal anta mukhlidī is formally interrogative but functions as a denial: you cannot give me eternal life. The following verse makes in kunta lā tastaṭīʿu the conditional premise and fa-daʿnī the consequent command.
Daʿnī contains an imperative with the protective nūn and a first-person object pronoun. Ubādirhā is first-person present; its suffix refers to death. The syntax builds pressure in stages: address, rhetorical question, conditional premise, and demand to cease rebuking.