LessonsThe Ṣanʿāʾ Maqāmah: Guidance, Mortality, and Evasive ResponsesQuiz

VerbBasic meaningDirection of reformانْتَهَجْتَadopted a pathchoose a sound directionعَجَّلْتَhastenedact promptlyفَلَلْتَblunted an edgerestrain aggressionقَمَعْتَheld downdiscipline the self

These are second-person singular perfect verbs within the scope of hallā, whose rebuke carries an appeal to action. Road, treatment, blade, and self-discipline are four images of one call to reform.

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Four Verbs, One Programme

The Ṣanʿāʾ Maqāmah: Guidance, Mortality, and Evasive Responses

VerbBasic meaningDirection of reformانْتَهَجْتَadopted a pathchoose a sound directionعَجَّلْتَhastenedact promptlyفَلَلْتَblunted an edgerestrain aggressionقَمَعْتَheld downdiscipline the self

These are second-person singular perfect verbs within the scope of hallā, whose rebuke carries an appeal to action. Road, treatment, blade, and self-discipline are four images of one call to reform.