1. تُؤْثِرُ ... عَلَى ...
This construction expresses preferring one thing over another; the object after ʿalā is what is subordinated.
2. أَشْهَى / آنَسُ / أَحَقُّ
All carry comparative force: one option is judged more attractive or deserving than another.
3. أَنْ تَخْشَاهُ
After an, the imperfect verb is manṣūb; the final pronoun refers to God.
4. ثُمَّ تَغْشَاهُ
Thumma introduces a later action and gives the contradiction a temporal sequence.
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The Ṣanʿāʾ Maqāmah: Missed Goodness, Competing Priorities, and Contradictory Conduct
1. تُؤْثِرُ ... عَلَى ...
This construction expresses preferring one thing over another; the object after ʿalā is what is subordinated.
2. أَشْهَى / آنَسُ / أَحَقُّ
All carry comparative force: one option is judged more attractive or deserving than another.
3. أَنْ تَخْشَاهُ
After an, the imperfect verb is manṣūb; the final pronoun refers to God.
4. ثُمَّ تَغْشَاهُ
Thumma introduces a later action and gives the contradiction a temporal sequence.