LessonsZuhayr ibn Abī Sulmā: Ḥuṣayn ibn Ḍamḍam, Revenge and the Cost of Bloodshed (Verses 33–42)Quiz

Raʿy is grazing, īrād bringing animals to a watering place, and ghimār deep water. Normally these sustain life; the poet transfers the same vocabulary to bloodshed.

The reversal generates the meaning: instead of refreshment, the participants find weapons and blood. War is shown as transforming a life-sustaining routine into a scene of destruction.

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