LessonsAḍrub al-Khabar: Ibtidāʾī, Ṭalabī and Inkārī ReportsQuiz

Three basic listener states guide the delivery of a report:
1. Uninformed (khālī al-dhihn): the person has no prior judgment about the matter and is not resisting it.
2. Hesitant (mutaraddid): the person is uncertain and seeks to know the truth.
3. Denying (munkir): the person rejects the reported proposition or takes a contrary position.

This is not a classification of true versus false statements. It classifies the hearer's stance toward a statement. The same true report can be new to one person, doubtful to another and denied by a third.

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Three basic states of the listener

Aḍrub al-Khabar: Ibtidāʾī, Ṭalabī and Inkārī Reports

Three basic listener states guide the delivery of a report:
1. Uninformed (khālī al-dhihn): the person has no prior judgment about the matter and is not resisting it.
2. Hesitant (mutaraddid): the person is uncertain and seeks to know the truth.
3. Denying (munkir): the person rejects the reported proposition or takes a contrary position.

This is not a classification of true versus false statements. It classifies the hearer's stance toward a statement. The same true report can be new to one person, doubtful to another and denied by a third.