All six motives involve explicit expression, yet they serve different ends. Context may be sufficient, weak, or strategically bypassed to shape the listener’s response.
MotiveIntended effect
Reinforcement / clarificationStrengthen and clarify the meaning
Weak contextual cuePrevent mistaken reference
Indirect rebukeSuggest listener’s obtuseness
Putting on recordMake a declaration explicit
AstonishmentHighlight an extraordinary act
Honour / insultForeground praise or disparagement
One utterance can serve different ends in different settings. Correct analysis therefore requires identifying the audience’s prior knowledge and the speaker’s intended effect.