LessonsAl-Itlaq wa al-Taqyid: Rhetorical Functions of Unrestricted and Qualified ExpressionQuiz

Coordination links two constituents with conjunctions such as wa, fa and thumma. «جاء زيدٌ وعمروٌ» may express simple combination, whereas «ثم» ordinarily adds temporal ordering with an interval.

“Fa” conveys succession with close following, while “thumma” expresses sequence with delay. The conjunction itself can refine how events are related.

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Coordination and the relation between linked elements

Al-Itlaq wa al-Taqyid: Rhetorical Functions of Unrestricted and Qualified Expression

Coordination links two constituents with conjunctions such as wa, fa and thumma. «جاء زيدٌ وعمروٌ» may express simple combination, whereas «ثم» ordinarily adds temporal ordering with an interval.

“Fa” conveys succession with close following, while “thumma” expresses sequence with delay. The conjunction itself can refine how events are related.