TypePrior beliefFunction of qasrIfradBoth alternatives applyReject their combinationQalbThe reverse judgment appliesCorrect a reversed beliefTa‘yinOne of two applies, not sure whichIdentify the right one
The same wording, “mā Zaydun illā kātib,” may have three different functions. It depends on whether the listener presumed both writing and poetry, believed only poetry, or merely hesitated between the two. This demonstrates the practical meaning of speaking as the situation requires.