An affirmative past verb (الماضي المثبت) reports a completed occurrence. When used circumstantially, qad (قد) or an equivalent contextual indication can link the completed event to the situation being described. Its behavior is not the same as that of an affirmative imperfect.
Example: “Jāʾa Zaydun wa-qad intahā ʿamaluhu” — Zayd arrived when his work had already been completed. Qad intahā expresses a completed condition relevant to his arrival.
A ḥāl does not always mean an action currently unfolding. It may describe a state resulting from an earlier event that is relevant at the reference time.