What is the normal rule for a transitory ḥāl?

Appendix to Faṣl and Waṣl: Circumstantial Clauses, Wāw and Pronominal Linkage

• Start every ḥāl with wāw
• Wāw is prohibited absolutely
• A pronoun cannot link a ḥāl
• The ordinary form lacks wāw, with qualifications for circumstantial clauses