Faṣl can arise when two clauses perform different functions, when two reports lack a common link, or when the second strongly reinforces the first. The outward absence of coordination is the same, but the reason for faṣl differs.
A satisfactory analysis goes beyond saying “no wāw is used.” Identify each clause’s grammatical and communicative status, determine whether a common link or reinforcement exists, and describe the intended effect on the listener.
SituationReason for faṣlKey illustration
Report followed by prayerDifferent communicative purposesMāta fulān, raḥimahu Allāh
Two unrelated reportsNo suitable shared linkNo intended coordination
Assertion followed by reinforcementComplete connectionDhālika al-kitāb, lā rayba fīh