LessonsConclusion: Departing from the Apparent Demands of ContextQuiz

DeviceFormal changeRhetorical function
TanzilAudience is treated as in another stateAdmonition or emphasis
Past/present switchUnexpected tenseCertainty or vividness
Khabar/inshaForm and speech act differPrayer or equivalence
IltifatShift in person or addressRenewed engagement
Uslub al-hakimAnswer redirected helpfullyRelevant correction
TaghlibOne term covers several membersCollective expression

The labels matter only insofar as they help explain a contextually supported communicative purpose.

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Comparison of the major devices

Conclusion: Departing from the Apparent Demands of Context

DeviceFormal changeRhetorical function
TanzilAudience is treated as in another stateAdmonition or emphasis
Past/present switchUnexpected tenseCertainty or vividness
Khabar/inshaForm and speech act differPrayer or equivalence
IltifatShift in person or addressRenewed engagement
Uslub al-hakimAnswer redirected helpfullyRelevant correction
TaghlibOne term covers several membersCollective expression

The labels matter only insofar as they help explain a contextually supported communicative purpose.