LessonsConclusion: Poetic Borrowing, Appropriation of Meanings, and Creative ReworkingQuiz

«فإن أخذ اللفظ كله من غير تغيير لنظمه فهو مذموم؛ لأنه سرقة محضة»
“If all the wording is taken without changing its arrangement, that is blameworthy, for it is pure theft.”

This extreme case is called naskh or intiḥāl: the later poet represents substantially the same wording and composition as his own, without meaningful transformation.

The issue is not simply whether a line sounds good. Literary attribution distinguishes an original composition from one reproduced without a legitimate acknowledgment or genuine creative recasting.

Opening interactive controls...

Transcription and misappropriation

Conclusion: Poetic Borrowing, Appropriation of Meanings, and Creative Reworking

«فإن أخذ اللفظ كله من غير تغيير لنظمه فهو مذموم؛ لأنه سرقة محضة»
“If all the wording is taken without changing its arrangement, that is blameworthy, for it is pure theft.”

This extreme case is called naskh or intiḥāl: the later poet represents substantially the same wording and composition as his own, without meaningful transformation.

The issue is not simply whether a line sounds good. Literary attribution distinguishes an original composition from one reproduced without a legitimate acknowledgment or genuine creative recasting.