DeviceActual situationEffect
Feigned ignoranceMatter is knownPresent it as open for a purpose
ReproachOpponent is inconsistentExpose consequences of their premise
ConcessionPremise is not admittedSuppose it temporarily
Impossible hypothesisOccurrence is rejectedReason from its supposition
Audience adaptationSpeaker knows the factBegin from hearer’s standpoint
These labels can overlap: a concession may itself perform reproach. Context, speaker purpose and listener situation decide how an instance functions.