LessonsDefining the Subject by a Relative Pronoun: Purposes and Rhetorical ApplicationsQuiz

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ عَنْ عِبَادَتِي سَيَدْخُلُونَ جَهَنَّمَ دَاخِرِينَ
Those who arrogantly turn away from My worship will indeed enter Hell in humiliation.

The relative subject is «الذين يستكبرون عن عبادتي». Its clause specifies arrogance toward worship, while the predicate announces humiliating punishment. The clause foregrounds a trait that helps the hearer perceive the moral appropriateness of the warning.

The relative construction therefore does more than identify a group: it hints at the basis of the predication. This is the rhetorical relation discussed in the text. (Qur'an, Ghāfir 40:60)

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Arrogance and warning in a Qur’anic example

Defining the Subject by a Relative Pronoun: Purposes and Rhetorical Applications

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ عَنْ عِبَادَتِي سَيَدْخُلُونَ جَهَنَّمَ دَاخِرِينَ
Those who arrogantly turn away from My worship will indeed enter Hell in humiliation.

The relative subject is «الذين يستكبرون عن عبادتي». Its clause specifies arrogance toward worship, while the predicate announces humiliating punishment. The clause foregrounds a trait that helps the hearer perceive the moral appropriateness of the warning.

The relative construction therefore does more than identify a group: it hints at the basis of the predication. This is the rhetorical relation discussed in the text. (Qur'an, Ghāfir 40:60)