LessonsDeparture from Expected Expression: Overt Nouns, Pronouns and Rhetorical PurposeQuiz

All these examples can be analyzed with the same disciplined method:
1. Establish what the previous wording would normally lead one to expect: a pronoun or an overt noun.
2. Identify the form actually chosen in departure from that expectation.
3. Determine the rhetorical benefit from the speaker's purpose and the addressee's situation.

An unexpected pronoun may magnify, arouse anticipation or lead from an initial indication to full explanation. An unexpected overt expression may convey commendation, disparagement, sarcasm, care, stronger establishment, persuasion or appeal.

The next topic, iltifāt, extends the study from noun/pronoun substitution to shifts among first-person, second-person and third-person modes of speech.

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Integrating form, audience and purpose

Departure from Expected Expression: Overt Nouns, Pronouns and Rhetorical Purpose

All these examples can be analyzed with the same disciplined method:
1. Establish what the previous wording would normally lead one to expect: a pronoun or an overt noun.
2. Identify the form actually chosen in departure from that expectation.
3. Determine the rhetorical benefit from the speaker's purpose and the addressee's situation.

An unexpected pronoun may magnify, arouse anticipation or lead from an initial indication to full explanation. An unexpected overt expression may convey commendation, disparagement, sarcasm, care, stronger establishment, persuasion or appeal.

The next topic, iltifāt, extends the study from noun/pronoun substitution to shifts among first-person, second-person and third-person modes of speech.