LessonsFour Types of Rational Figurative Predication: Quranic and Nondeclarative ExamplesQuiz

PassageAttributed toRelation
زَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَانًاVersesInstrumental cause
يُذَبِّحُ أَبْنَاءَهُمْPharaohCommander/cause
يَنْزِعُ عَنْهُمَا لِبَاسَهُمَاSatanInstigating cause
يَوْمًا يَجْعَلُ الْوِلْدَانَ شِيبًاDayTime
أَخْرَجَتِ الْأَرْضُ أَثْقَالَهَاEarthPlace

These passages share an attribution to an associated element. They do not all share the same *kind* of association. Naming that specific relation is what makes the analysis explanatory rather than merely classificatory.

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Comparing the Quranic relations

Four Types of Rational Figurative Predication: Quranic and Nondeclarative Examples

PassageAttributed toRelation
زَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَانًاVersesInstrumental cause
يُذَبِّحُ أَبْنَاءَهُمْPharaohCommander/cause
يَنْزِعُ عَنْهُمَا لِبَاسَهُمَاSatanInstigating cause
يَوْمًا يَجْعَلُ الْوِلْدَانَ شِيبًاDayTime
أَخْرَجَتِ الْأَرْضُ أَثْقَالَهَاEarthPlace

These passages share an attribution to an associated element. They do not all share the same *kind* of association. Naming that specific relation is what makes the analysis explanatory rather than merely classificatory.