Mistake 1: Literal words imply literal predication. Incorrect: “spring caused the grass to grow” uses ordinary word meanings but an indirect attribution.
Mistake 2: Figurative predication in the Quran would make it untrue. Incorrect: context-governed causal or locative attribution is a recognized form of eloquent expression.
Mistake 3: Only declaratives can contain rational figurative predication. Incorrect: the lesson also considered commands, wishes, and questions.
Mistake 4: All figurative attributions use the same association. Incorrect: cause, time, and place play different roles in the examples.