LessonsĪjāz, Iṭnāb and Musāwāh: Concision, Ellipsis, Expansion and EquivalenceQuiz

TechniqueMain benefit of added wording
Clarification after generalitySpecifies what was initially open
TawshīʿUnpacks anticipated items
Specific after generalHonours a particular instance
RepetitionReinforces insistence or warning
ĪghālAdds force at a poetic ending
TadhyīlConfirms through a general principle
IḥtirāsPrevents an unintended reading
TatmīmAdds a useful finishing detail
IʿtirāḍInserts an independent side-benefit

The decisive test is: what rhetorical benefit is lost if the additional phrase is omitted?

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Compare the mechanisms of expansion

Ījāz, Iṭnāb and Musāwāh: Concision, Ellipsis, Expansion and Equivalence

TechniqueMain benefit of added wording
Clarification after generalitySpecifies what was initially open
TawshīʿUnpacks anticipated items
Specific after generalHonours a particular instance
RepetitionReinforces insistence or warning
ĪghālAdds force at a poetic ending
TadhyīlConfirms through a general principle
IḥtirāsPrevents an unintended reading
TatmīmAdds a useful finishing detail
IʿtirāḍInserts an independent side-benefit

The decisive test is: what rhetorical benefit is lost if the additional phrase is omitted?