Tawriyah: an apparent near sense with a remote intended sense.
Iham: opposed possible readings, such as praise or censure.
Tawjih: ordinary words also functioning as names.
Tibaq: meaningful opposition.
Idmaj: a second purpose embedded in the first.
Muraʿat al-nazir: related but nonopposed concepts.
Istikhdam: differing senses across a word–pronoun relationship.
Istīṭrād: a related digression followed by return.
Iftinān: distinct rhetorical or poetic modes combined.
The central question is always which semantic relationship creates the particular rhetorical effect.