The taxonomy provides a systematic route for analyzing expression. First identify whether an utterance is a report or inshaʾ. In reports, examine predication and its two sides, then verbal complements, restriction, clause connection and the degree of brevity or expansion.
Worked example: إِنَّ زَيْدًا لَحَاضِرٌ — Indeed, Zayd is certainly present.
The predication concerns Zayd's presence and has been strongly reinforced. Its primary rhetorical analysis therefore belongs to report predication.
Rather than calling all effective speech simply “beautiful,” the learner should now be able to ask precisely what changed, why it changed and what benefit it provides. The next discussion begins the careful analysis of truth and falsity in reports.