Mode of expressionPossible rhetorical function
Future event in past formPresenting occurrence as assured and effectively realized
Past event in present formRe-creating a past event as a vivid scene
Participial descriptionForegrounding permanence or a particular condition where context warrants it
Past and present forms retain their grammatical identities. Their rhetorical implications arise from how the context uses those identities. Identify a form morphologically before inferring the communicative purpose of its unconventional placement.