ExpressionPotential focus
زَيْدٌ الْأَمِيرُThe category of emirship restricted to Zayd
الْأَمِيرُ زَيْدٌIdentification of the known emir as Zayd
عَمْرُو الشُّجَاعُCourage foregrounded in ʿAmr
الشُّجَاعُ عَمْرٌوIdentification of the known brave person as ʿAmr
The definiteness of both terms is preserved, yet the topic and the information asserted about it have changed. This affects both the direction of any implied restriction and the kind of new information the sentence supplies.
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Indefiniteness, Specification and Definiteness of the Predicate
ExpressionPotential focus
زَيْدٌ الْأَمِيرُThe category of emirship restricted to Zayd
الْأَمِيرُ زَيْدٌIdentification of the known emir as Zayd
عَمْرُو الشُّجَاعُCourage foregrounded in ʿAmr
الشُّجَاعُ عَمْرٌوIdentification of the known brave person as ʿAmr
The definiteness of both terms is preserved, yet the topic and the information asserted about it have changed. This affects both the direction of any implied restriction and the kind of new information the sentence supplies.