هَلْ قَامَ زَيْدٌ؟
Did Zayd stand?
If the speaker wants to know whether Zayd stood, “Hal qāma Zaydun?” is appropriate. If the event is already known and only the agent—Zayd or ʿAmr—is unknown, hamza with connected am is better suited to the identification question.
If the intention is to challenge an action occurring now, hamza’s temporal flexibility matters. Similar vocabulary can serve fundamentally different questions; rhetorical precision lies in matching form to prior knowledge and communicative purpose.