What adaptation accompanies iqtibās in “I placed my needs in a valley without cultivation”?
Iqtibās and Taḍmīn: Quoting Scripture and Incorporating Poetry
- Making the phrase a rhyme copied from an obscure poet
- Producing two contradictory judgments in one word
- A shift from a physical valley to unproductive hope
- Changing the source verse’s name and number in the poem