This lesson defined al-isnād al-ḥaqīqī (الإسناد الحقيقي) through four parts: a verb or action-meaning, the relevant bearer of that meaning, the speaker's standpoint, and its outward appearance. Active/passive construction matters too.
The four cases clarify that reality, belief, and contextual appearance are not identical. Truth of a statement and literalness of its predication must be examined separately. Certain nonverbal propositions are outside this specific division.
The next section, al-isnād al-majāzī (الإسناد المجازي), explains when an action is assigned to something other than its apparent proper bearer, and which clues license that assignment.