The qualifying idea «فيما بني له» asks us to evaluate a form as it was constructed—active or passive—and not to impose the role of one construction on another.
«ضَرَبَ زَيْدٌ عَمْرًا»
Zayd struck ʿAmr.
«ضُرِبَ عَمْرٌو»
ʿAmr was struck.
The first assigns performance of the action to the active subject; the second states that the action happened to the passive subject. Confusing these distinct relations can lead to incorrectly classifying an ordinary passive attribution as metaphorical.
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Literal Predication: Rational Reality, Attribution, and Four Cases
The qualifying idea «فيما بني له» asks us to evaluate a form as it was constructed—active or passive—and not to impose the role of one construction on another.
«ضَرَبَ زَيْدٌ عَمْرًا»
Zayd struck ʿAmr.
«ضُرِبَ عَمْرٌو»
ʿAmr was struck.
The first assigns performance of the action to the active subject; the second states that the action happened to the passive subject. Confusing these distinct relations can lead to incorrectly classifying an ordinary passive attribution as metaphorical.