Three steps usually suffice for analyzing nidāʾ: identify the vocative particle and noun, assess actual versus imagined nearness and distance, and then determine the dominant rhetorical purpose.
أَيَا مَوْلَايَ
O my master!
The near is treated as distant to suggest status or honor.
أَيَا قَبْرَ مَعْنٍ
O grave of Maʿn!
This is lament rather than a genuine request for a response.
أَيَا مَنْزِلَيْ سَلْمَى
O two dwellings of Salmā!
This call primarily revives memories of earlier days. The next chapter, al-dhikr wa-l-ḥadhf, concerns when mentioning or omitting sentence elements is rhetorically appropriate.