أَأَنْتَ قُلْتَ لِلنَّاسِ اتَّخِذُونِي وَأُمِّيَ إِلَهَيْنِ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ
Did you tell the people to take me and my mother as two deities besides Allah?
The placement of anta immediately after hamza is significant. The question addressed to Jesus is not prompted by any lack of knowledge on God's part; it publicly clarifies the truth concerning an attributed utterance.
The rhetorical force depends on the status of the addressee and the gravity of the false attribution. The form highlights the absence of such a claim by Jesus and brings the truth into view.