مَنْ هَذَا / فَأَيْنَ تَذْهَبُونَ / أَنَّى لَهُمُ الذِّكْرَى
Who is this? / Where are you going? / How could admonition come to them?
A genuine man hādhā may ask an unknown visitor's identity; used with contempt toward someone already known, it can be belittlement. Fa-ayna tadhhabūn directs attention away from literal geography to an unsound course. Annā lahumu al-dhikrā, in the context of prior refusal, suggests remoteness.
For each construction, record three things separately:
1. The particle and its literal function.
2. The evidence that genuine inquiry is not intended.
3. The best-supported rhetorical purpose.
The method extends naturally to the following unit on imperative expressions and the other forms of inshāʾ.